Hadoop自定义输出文件格式和文件输出路径

代码测试环境：Hadoop2.4

应用场景：当需要定制输出数据格式时可以采用此技巧，包括定制输出数据的展现形式，输出路径，输出文件名称等。

Hadoop内置的输出文件格式

FileOutputFormat<K,V> 常用的父类；
TextOutputFormat<K,V> 默认输出字符串输出格式；
SequenceFileOutputFormat<K,V> 序列化文件输出；
MultipleOutputs<K,V> 可以把输出数据输送到不同的目录；
NullOutputFormat<K,V> 把输出输出到/dev/null中，即不输出任何数据，这个应用场景是在MR中进行了逻辑处理，同时输出文件已经在MR中进行了输出，而不需要在输出的情况；
LazyOutputFormat<K,V> 只有在调用write方法是才会产生文件，这样的话，如果没有调用write就不会产生空文件；

步骤

类似输入数据格式，自定义输出数据格式同样可以参考下面的步骤

1）定义一个继承自OutputFormat的类，不过一般继承FileOutputFormat即可；

2）实现其getRecordWriter方法，返回一个RecordWriter类型；

3）自定义一个继承RecordWriter的类，定义其write方法，针对每个<key,Value>写入文件数据；

代码

实例1（修改文件默认的输出文件名以及默认的key和value的分隔符）：

输入数据：

自定义CustomFileOutputFormat(把默认文件名前缀替换掉):

package fz.outputformat;

import java.io.IOException;

import org.apache.hadoop.fs.FSDataOutputStream;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.LongWritable;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.RecordWriter;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.TaskAttemptContext;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.output.FileOutputFormat;

public class CustomOutputFormat extends FileOutputFormat<LongWritable, Text> {

 private String prefix = "custom_";
 @Override
 public RecordWriter<LongWritable, Text> getRecordWriter(TaskAttemptContext job)
 throws IOException, InterruptedException {
 // 新建一个可写入的文件
 Path outputDir = FileOutputFormat.getOutputPath(job);
// System.out.println("outputDir.getName():"+outputDir.getName()+",otuputDir.toString():"+outputDir.toString());
 String subfix = job.getTaskAttemptID().getTaskID().toString();
 Path path = new Path(outputDir.toString()+"/"+prefix+subfix.substring(subfix.length()-5, subfix.length()));
 FSDataOutputStream fileOut = path.getFileSystem(job.getConfiguration()).create(path);
 return new CustomRecordWriter(fileOut);
 }

}

自定义CustomWriter（指定key，value分隔符）：

package fz.outputformat;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;

import org.apache.hadoop.fs.FSDataOutputStream;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.LongWritable;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.RecordWriter;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.TaskAttemptContext;

public class CustomRecordWriter extends RecordWriter<LongWritable, Text> {

 private PrintWriter out;
 private String separator =",";
 public CustomRecordWriter(FSDataOutputStream fileOut) {
 out = new PrintWriter(fileOut);
 }

 @Override
 public void write(LongWritable key, Text value) throws IOException,
 InterruptedException {
 out.println(key.get()+separator+value.toString());
 }

 @Override
 public void close(TaskAttemptContext context) throws IOException,
 InterruptedException {
 out.close();
 }

}

调用主类：

package fz.outputformat;

import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configured;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.LongWritable;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Job;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Mapper;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Reducer;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.input.FileInputFormat;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.input.TextInputFormat;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.output.FileOutputFormat;
import org.apache.hadoop.util.Tool;
import org.apache.hadoop.util.ToolRunner;


public class FileOutputFormatDriver extends Configured implements Tool{

 /**
 * @param args
 * @throws Exception 
 */
 public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
 // TODO Auto-generated method stub
 ToolRunner.run(new Configuration(), new FileOutputFormatDriver(),args);
 }

 @Override
 public int run(String[] arg0) throws Exception {
 if(arg0.length!=3){
 System.err.println("Usage:\nfz.outputformat.FileOutputFormatDriver <in> <out> <numReducer>");
 return -1;
 }
 Configuration conf = getConf();
 
 Path in = new Path(arg0[0]);
 Path out= new Path(arg0[1]);
 boolean delete=out.getFileSystem(conf).delete(out, true);
 System.out.println("deleted "+out+"?"+delete);
 Job job = Job.getInstance(conf,"fileouttputformat test job");
 job.setJarByClass(getClass());
 
 job.setInputFormatClass(TextInputFormat.class);
 job.setOutputFormatClass(CustomOutputFormat.class);
 
 job.setMapperClass(Mapper.class);
 job.setMapOutputKeyClass(LongWritable.class);
 job.setMapOutputValueClass(Text.class);
 job.setOutputKeyClass(LongWritable.class);
 job.setOutputValueClass(Text.class);
 job.setNumReduceTasks(Integer.parseInt(arg0[2]));
 job.setReducerClass(Reducer.class);
 FileInputFormat.setInputPaths(job, in);
 FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(job, out);
 
 return job.waitForCompletion(true)?0:-1;
 }

}

查看输出：